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Showing items 1 - 49 of 49.

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PDF 86 Jul 11 Fr Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Malcolm Fraser letter to MT ("Southern Africa") [Howe visit to Southern Africa; analysis of Commonwealth Group of Eminent Persons' negotiations breakdown; views on the way forward; sanctions] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 15 Tu Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Cabinet Office minute to No.10 ("Southern Africa") [cover minute referring to paper by officials "on the countries in the area which have important economic links with... South Africa" ] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 16 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: General Obasanjo letter to MT (Geoffrey Howe's mission to South Africa) ["exercise in futility"; Powell: "a disappointing and frankly unacceptable reply"; MT notes that it was Obasanjo who had suggested to her that she try to persuade Botha to release Mandela] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 16 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: No.10 note to MT (Lord Whitelaw statement on South Africa) [repudiation of media allegations] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 16 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: No.10 letter to Channon PS ("South Africa: EC Code of Conduct: White Paper") [No.10 clearance for publication subject to views of colleagues] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 16 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: No.10 record of conversation (MT, Howe) [Howe visit to Southern Africa; Ewen Fergusson visit to South Africa/meeting with Pik Botha; public presentation of UK stance; further measures; Commonwealth Review Meeting] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 16 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Julian Amery MP memorandum to Howe (Foreign Secretary's visit to South Africa) [proposal for Botha & Buthelezi to agree to work together as a forerunner rather than as a consequence of Mandela's release; memo forwarded by Amery to MT for her personal attention in advance of Howe's trip] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 16 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Centre for Policy Studies letter to MT ("The Commonwealth and Economic Sanctions") [background reading material in advance of Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 17 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: No.10 minute to MT (Royal Commonwealth Society: invitation to give an address on South Africa) [MT declines] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 17 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: President Kaunda letter to MT (South Africa) ["your rejection of comprehensive sanctions is of great concern to me and my colleagues in this region... I do not believe that Geoffrey Howe's trip to South Africa can achieve anything"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 17 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Howe PS letter to No.10 (Commonwealth: detention without trial) [information requested by No.10: note on Africa; note on India & Sri Lanka] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 17 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: UKE Washington record of conversations (2359Z) (Howe, Shultz; Howe, Lugar) [US measures against South Africa; negotiations with South African Government; US investment in/withdrawal from South Africa; Commonwealth meeting; Congresional action; US ban on landing rights] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 17 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: FCO telegram to UKE Harare ("South Africa: statement by the Prime Minister") [texts of MT & Howe statements to Parliament on 17th & 16th respectively; Howe visit to South Africa] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 18 Fr Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: UKHC Harare telegram to FCO ("FLS meeting") [messages from Howe to delegations] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 18 Fr Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: UKE Bonn telegram to FCO ("South Africa: Chancellor Kohl's views") [Ambassador Bullard record of conversation with Kohl: "ready to help at any time": MT annotation: "we must take up this offer"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 18 Fr Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: South African Embassy letter to No.10 (President Botha's letter to the Prime Minister) [cover note only, referring to an enclosed original copy of letter dated 1st July] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 18 Fr Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: UKE Washington record of conversation (2045Z) (Howe, Reagan, Shultz) [extradition treaty; South Africa: sanctions; Communist penetration of the ANC; Soviet Union/Gorbachev] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 18 Fr Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Dr. James Barber letter to MT (development programme for black South Africans) [details of proposal "in contrast to the negative approach of punitive sanctions"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 19 Sa Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: UKE Pretoria telegram to FCO ("Internal situation") [update on the State of Emergency] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 19 Sa Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: No.10 minute to MT (Foreign Secretary's visit to Washington) [US stance on sanctions] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 21 Mo Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: MT letter to General Obasanjo (South Africa) ["surprised that you believe... [Howe's] visit is being seen as an "exercise in futility". I recall... you clearly saw further direct contact as useful... general economic sanctions... would not be effective"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 22 Tu Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Tambo letter to Howe (Secretary of State's visit to South Africa) ["would be honoured to meet you, outside of... [the] context of your current mission"; MT inclined, in light of the stance taken by Tambo/ANC to Howe visit, not to offer an early meeting] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 22 Tu Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Lucas Mangope message to MT (Address to the Bophuthatswana Parliament) [call on South African Government and ANC to engage in talks] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 22 Tu Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: John Howard letter to MT (sanctions against South Africa) [Leader of the Opposition in Australian Parliament supports MT's stance] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 22 Tu Declassified documents Minor Archive (TNA) South Africa: Sir Robert Crichton-Brown letter to Treasury (sanctions against South Africa) [analysis from Zimbabwe leaf tobacco company of effects on the Front Line States] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 23 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: FCO record of conversation (Howe, P.W. Botha) ["A difficult and at times heated discussion... Botha said that he was not clear what the purpose of... [Howe's] mission was, and would not have received him but for his regard for [MT]... [Botha read] from a prepared statement"; sanctions; Mandela; suspension of violence ] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 23 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: FCO record of conversation (Howe, Pik Botha) [sanctions; Mandela; negotiations; "Botha said that he felt betrayed. He was tempted to think that there was a hidden agenda and that some Europeans... [were] actually resigned to seeing a Marxist government installed in South Africa"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 24 Th Declassified documents Key Archive (TNA) South Africa: Powell minute to MT ("Interview with Graham Turner") [in present form article risks "exposing you to sharp criticism for dealing too vigorously with Southern African problems at a very sensitive moment", but Sunday Telegraph resisting changes; MT - interview "obtained on a FALSE BASIS"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 24 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: FCO record of conversation ("Call on the Secretary of State by Mr Sam Motsuenyane, Chairman of National African Federated Chamber of Commerce") [Howe, Moberly, Motsuenyane, Kutumela, Ramakobya: sanctions; ANC/violence against black business community; negotiations] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 24 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Confederation of British Industry (CBI) press release ("South Africa") [Charles Powell notes risk of CBI statement on sanctions being read as "British industry opens the door to measures against South Africa"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 25 Fr Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: No.10 note to MT (statement released by a Council of Anglican Churches in South Africa) [condemns apartheid; opposes sanctions, violent protest and ANC] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 26 Sa Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: FCO record of conversation ("Record of a discussion between the Secretary of State and Pieter de Lange, Rector of the Rand Afrikaans University and President of the Broederbond") ["growing acceptance of the need for ANC participation at the negotiating table... Afrikaners were ready for new thinking and for innovative leadership... Any peaceful settlement needed to bring in the extremes [of left and right wing]"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 27 Su Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: FCO record of conversation (Secretary of State Meeting with Justices of the Supreme Court) [sanctions; ANC; detainees; legal system; independence for the homelands] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 28 Mo Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: No.10 minute to Howe PS ("South Africa: Foreign Secretary's visit") [lines to take following Howe's return visit to South Africa] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 28 Mo Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Howe PS letter to No.10 ("The OAU and South Africa") [MT rejects proposal to write to President Sassou-Nguesson in his capacity as Chair of the Organisation of African Unity: "will only call forth a caustic reply"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 29 Tu Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: UKE Pretoria telegram to FCO ("Text of a Statement by State President P E Botha on 29 July 1986") [Howe visit to southern Africa: "I told Sir Geoffrey that I looked upon his recent speech in the House of Commons as nothing but a threat against our country... Leave South Africa to the South Africans"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 29 Tu Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: FCO record of conversation ("Meeting between the Secretary of State and Dr G Viljoen (Minister of Education)") [sanctions & negotiations] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 29 Tu Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: FCO record of conversation (Howe, P.W. Botha) ["A very difficult and at times stormy meeting"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 30 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Powell minute to Ingham ("South Africa") [press lines to take on outcome of Howe visit to South Africa & next steps; MT "very grateful" to Howe] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 30 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: No.10 record of conversation (MT, Howe) [analysis of Howe's visit to South Africa; next steps] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 30 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: No.10 briefing for MT ("OD: South Africa") [Howe paper on "the Dreadful Consequences should there be no agreement at the Commonwealth Meeting"; key points from paper; "I should keep off controversial themes which are bound to lead to argument with... [Howe]... they will provoke... [Lawson] and... [Hurd] into supporting him"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 30 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Canadian PM Mulroney letter to MT (Sir Geoffrey Howe's mission to southern Africa) ["we appreciated the manner in which he pressed for the breakthrough"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 30 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Ingham letter to M.R. Hanson, UKCC (UK relations with Botswana and South Africa) ["over simplification to the point of utter distortion inherent in British politics and journalism... To be against general economic sanctions is not necessarily to be for South Africa"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 30 We Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Howe minute to MT ("South Africa") [report on visit to southern Africa; PW Botha "was dismissive of my mission"; summary of key meetings & overall conclusions] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 31 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: No.10 minute to Howe PS (Message from Mrs. Chalker to the Secretary General of the Supreme Council for Sport in Africa) [revised draft reply to message from Sec Gen: "I am afraid that you are misinformed. The... [EEC] is not in favour of applying comprehensive economic sanctions"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 31 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: No.10 record of conversation ("South Africa: Talk with Mr. Chester Crocker") [Powell, Crocker: US sanctions; next Commonwealth Review meeting; proposed meeting of major industrial countries] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 31 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Cabinet Office letter to Howe PS ("South Africa") [OD conclusions on the handling of the Commonwealth Review meeting] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 31 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: Prime Minister Bhekimpi letter to MT ("Proposed sanctions against the Republic of South Africa") ["concerned by the threat to impose comprehensive economic sanctions"] [declassified Feb 2016]
PDF 86 Jul 31 Th Declassified documents Major Archive (TNA) South Africa: President Babangida letter to MT (sanctions against South Africa) [deems Howe diplomatic mission a failure; calls for further sanctions] [declassified Feb 2016]
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Documents lie at the core of this website, each one dated and sorted chronologically (by default) in search results. Most are images in PDF format of original paper documents scanned or filmed for the site. There also transcripts of speeches and interviews, press articles, photos, videos, and more. The document database contains tens of thousands of items and permits complex searching.

Files are multi-page PDFs from which most of the documents on the site are selected. All of Mrs Thatcher’s official files from No.10 are available in full on this site (paper copies are stored at the National Archives in the series PREM19), as well as most of those of Geoffrey Howe and Nigel Lawson as Chancellor (stored at TNA as series T639 and T640).

Guides are articles about key events and topics. Many were written to accompany annual releases of Mrs Thatcher’s private and party papers at the Churchill Archive Centre in Cambridge.

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